The cause of the vast majority of cases of insulin resistance remains unknown.
However, insulin resistance might be caused by a high-carbohydrate diet. An
American study has shown that glucosamine (often prescribed for joint problems)
may cause insulin resistance.
Several associated conditions include
Abnormally Sedentary Lifestyle, whether the result of the effects of aging
on the body or lack of physical exercise (both of which can also produce obesity)
Haemochromatosis
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Hypercortisolism (e.g., steroid use or Cushing's disease)
Drugs (e.g., rifampicin, isoniazid, olanzapine, risperidone, progestogens,
many antiretrovirals, possibly alcohol, methadone)
Genetic causes
Insulin receptor mutations (Donohue Syndrome)
LMNA mutations (Familial Partial Lipodystrophy)
Insulin resistance may also be caused by the damage of liver cells having undergone a defect of insulin receptors in hepatocytes.
The primary treatment for insulin resistance is exercise and weight loss. In some individuals, a low glycemic index or a low-carbohydrate diet may also help. Both metformin and the thiazolidinediones improve insulin resistance, but are only approved therapies for type 2 diabetes, not insulin resistance, per se. By contrast, growth hormone replacement therapy may be associated with increased insulin resistance.
The Diabetes Prevention Program showed that exercise and diet were nearly twice as effective as metformin at reducing the risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes.
Some types of Monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fats appear to promote insulin resistance, whereas some types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3) can increase insulin sensitivity.
There are scientific studies showing that chromium picolinate can increase insulin sensitivity, especially in type 2 diabetics, but other studies show no effect. The results are controversial.
Naturopathic approaches to insulin resistance have been advocated including supplementation of vanadium, bitter melon (momordica), and Gymnema sylvestre.
Rosiglitazone (avandia)
Fasting insulin levels
Dosage and administration
Supplied
Causes of insulin resistance
For prescriber
Rosiglitazone patient information sheet
Insulin resistance